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16 Loans and advances to banks

2001 £m 2000 £m Repayable     on demand 4,117 2,094 not more than three months 35,993 27,890 over three months but not more than one year 3,597 5,967 over one year but not more than five years 3,915 829 over five years 319 161   47,941 36,941 Less:       Provisions (52) (40)   47,889 36,901   2001 £m 2000 £m By geographical area     Banking business:     UK 7,116 3,345 Other European Union 2,278 2,042 United States 930 2,056 Rest of the World 1,924 2,153 Total banking business 12,248 9,596 Total trading business 35,693 27,345   47,941 36,941

	At 31st December 2001, there were no loans and advances to banks (2000 £55m) outstanding from associated undertakings and joint ventures. The Group is required to maintain balances with central banks and other regulatory authorities and these amounted to £711m at 31st December 2001 (2000 £646m). Additional analyses are provided within the loans and advances, provisions for bad and doubtful debts and potential credit risk lendings sections of the Financial review. The geographic analysis of the banking business is based on the location of the office from which the lendings are made. The trading business, which is largely carried out in the UK, the United States and Japan, is more international in nature and has not been analysed geographically. It primarily constitutes settlement and reverse repo balances. Provisions include specific provisions of £11m (2000 £12m) and general provisions of £41m (2000 £28m).